Fact check: How much CO2 did Bezos' rocket dump into atmosphere?

When uber-billionaire Jeff Bezos blasted off from a launchpad in Texas for a fast and short trip to near-space, he ignited a burst of claims about the outsized carbon footprint of his adventure. PolitiFact checks those claims.

Posted 8:33 p.m. Jul 21, 2021 — Updated 8:47 p.m. Jul 21, 2021

Jon Greenberg

, PolitiFact reporter

When uber-billionaire Jeff Bezos blasted off from a launchpad in Texas for a fast and short trip to near-space, he ignited a burst of claims about the outsized carbon footprint of his adventure.

"Today Jeff Bezos will put 300 tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere for 180 seconds in space," said one tweet July 20. Other social posts made the same general point.

"If you are reporting on the Bezos space flight … please mention the carbon emissions."

"They really should given Bezos trip today = more carbon pollution than avg person’s whole life but oddly most in media refuse to punch up when it comes to climate."

In terms Americans might more clearly understand, the claim is that about 330 tons of carbon dioxide were emitted for Bezos and three companions to ride to a point about 60 miles above the Earth before coming back down. The round trip lasted about 10 minutes, of which about three were spent in weightlessness. Bezos, the founder of Amazon, is one of a handful of private rocketeers aiming to turn space travel into a viable business. His company is called Blue Origin.

Given the clouds of dust and fiery plume that come with any launch, it might seem likely that greenhouse gases would be part of the picture.

In the case of the engine used in the Blue Origin rocket, that assumption is wrong.

Conventional rocket fuels are carbon-based. The BE-3 engine developed by Bezos’ company burns liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.

"Carbon dioxide isn’t emitted from the Blue Origin rocket that was used for today’s launch," said Eloise Marais, an air pollution researcher at University College London.

The Guardian newspaper cited Marais in an article about how the rush of billionaires to get to space could dump massive amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Marais told The Guardian that typically, rockets release 200 to 300 metric tons of carbon dioxide during launch. That didn’t apply to the Blue Origin rocket, Marais said — but the erroneous tweets shared the article in making the claim about Blue Origin anyway.

At a press conference after returning from space, Bezos said the Blue Origin rocket used "the most environmentally benign propellant you can choose."

Other private companies — SpaceX, controlled by billionaire Elon Musk, and Virgin Galactic, which took owner Richard Branson into space a week before Bezos — use conventional fuels, and do release carbon dioxide.

The Blue Origin flight isn’t a net zero for the environment, however. Marais and other researchers warn that every rocket poses a threat to the ozone layer. Whether it’s water vapor and nitrogen oxides from a Blue Origin engine, or particles from conventional rocket fuels, both degrade the ozone.

"In the stratosphere, nitrogen oxides and chemicals formed from the breakdown of water vapour convert ozone into oxygen, depleting the ozone layer which guards life on Earth against harmful UV radiation," Marais wrote in The Conversation July 19.

PolitiFact ruling

Social media users tweeted that Bezos’ brief trip to space released 300 metric tons of carbon dioxide.

The trip released none. The rocket’s engine burns hydrogen and oxygen to carry it away from Earth. That doesn’t make these rides risk-free. They do pose a threat to the ozone layer.

We rate this claim False.

Suggest A Correction