A Bright Window Into Hockney's Own Faith

LONDON — On a drizzly September morning, David Hockney sat in his skylit London living room, puffing on a cigarette. The walls were covered with his art: framed self-portraits, tender etchings of his dogs and a large, brightly colored composite photograph.

Leaning against one wall was a poster-size image of his latest creation: a stained-glass window for Westminster Abbey to commemorate the 65th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth’s reign. Measuring 28 feet by 12 feet, “The Queen’s Window” — inaugurated on Tuesday — represents a hawthorn, a thorny floral shrub, blooming in a joyous profusion of reds, blues, greens and yellows.

“The hawthorn is celebratory: It’s as though Champagne had been poured over bushes,” said Hockney, 81.

He said that he had reworked the design for the window from an earlier painting using an iPad. Hockney has used new technology extensively throughout his career and has exhibited works created with iPhones and Polaroid cameras alongside his paintings in some of the world’s most important museums.

His 2017-18 retrospective, shown at Tate Britain here, the Pompidou Center in Paris and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, was a huge hit, and his market prices have soared since. “Portrait of an Artist (Pool With Two Figures)” (1972), up for auction at Christie’s in November, carries an $80 million estimate, which, if realized, would make him the world’s most expensive living artist.

Standing beneath Hockney’s window in Westminster Abbey days later, the Very Rev. Dr. John R. Hall, dean of the church, said he had approached Hockney because he was “the most celebrated living artist” and one whose fame coincided with the queen’s reign. He called the work “absolutely vibrant,” adding, “It’s very legible, so in that sense it’s very accessible, and I think people will be very excited by it.” He contrasted it with the 19th-century window next to it, representing the miracles of Christ, “so dark it’s almost illegible.”

Helen Whittaker, the stained-glass artist who led the 10-person team that produced the window from Hockney’s design, said the only element of it that Hockney had painted on himself was his signature. (That glass fragment was flown to and from Los Angeles, where Hockney lives.)

“It was a joy to work with him because he’s very respectful of what we do,” she said. “We’re very grateful that he’s putting our profession on the map, because stained glass is always seen as the poor sister to the art world.”

Stained glass might seem an old-fashioned medium for a sought-after contemporary artist. Yet “it leads on very well from all the work he’s been doing on iPads and iPhones,” said art critic Martin Gayford, who has written books on Hockney. “When he started working on his first iPhone, which was in about 2009, he compared it to stained glass, the point being that an image on the screen is illuminated, so formally it links quite well.”

Hockney is one in a long line of modern and contemporary artists working in the medium. After the wartime destruction of churches across Europe — 2,000 were built or rebuilt between 1950 and 1965 in France alone — many painters were commissioned to make windows.

Well-known examples of the genre are Matisse’s dazzling blue-and-yellow designs for the Rosary Chapel in Vence, France; Chagall’s windows for churches in England, France and Germany; and Gerhard Richter’s abstract squares in Cologne Cathedral.

Stained glass is “essentially an architectural medium, and its relationship to the building is critical,” said Brian Clarke, a British artist who has created windows for architects such as Zaha Hadid, Norman Foster and I.M. Pei. While it is now being used in civic buildings, he said, there is “a tremendous danger of it becoming extinct, because it has become so universally associated with the church.”

“The greatest service that an artist can pay to the medium of stained glass is to use it for creating great art,” he added.

Hockney is not much of a churchgoer. Though his mother was a “keen Christian” and he grew up attending a Methodist chapel, he said, he stopped at age 16 because “I realized all the people who went to church weren’t really that good; they were hypocrites. That put me off.”

Today, he has his own form of faith, he said. “I used to think I was heading for oblivion, and I still really think that,” he said. Nonetheless, he had “a personal God,” because, “OK, you’ve got the big bang, but what’s before the big bang? I mean, you’re always going to ask, aren’t you?”

As a church, Westminster Abbey could not be more intimately linked to the monarchy. Thirty-eight sovereigns have been crowned there, and 17 are buried on site. Hockney would not seem an automatic choice for it. The onetime bad boy of British art has spent the better part of the past five decades in Los Angeles, and in 1990 he turned down a knighthood, though he is no adversary of the monarchy, he said. “I was living in California. I didn’t really want to be Sir Somebody,” he explained.

And when he was later asked to paint the queen, he turned that down, too. In our interview, he recalled the painter Lucian Freud’s depiction of the monarch. “He got 10 hours from her, which is not very much for him, but a lot for her to sit,” Hockney said. “I knew the portrait. It was OK. But I’m not sure how to paint her, you see, because she’s not an ordinary human being.

“She has majesty,” he added. “How do you paint majesty today?” While Hockney’s market standing has made him rich, he said that the extra money hadn’t changed his life — “What am I going to do with it?” — and that what he loved most was being in the studio, which made him feel 30 again.

“An artist can’t really be a hedonist, because he’s a worker,” he said.

His only vice now, he said, was smoking, but he had no apologies for that. He pointed out that Picasso and Monet had died in their 80s or 90s. “If all you’re aiming for is longevity, it’s life-denying,” he said.

The window in the abbey wasn’t about establishing a legacy, he said: “Everything turns to dust eventually. Even Westminster Abbey will.”